Prohibition in the United States - 764 Words

Prohibition in the United States was a built up reaction to alcohol and illicit drugs from the Temperance and other religious organizations beginning in the 1840s and intensifying during the Reconstruction Period. By using increasing pressure on legislators, lobbying through Churches and, of course, embarrassing public officials into a stance, these organizations forced the ratification of the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in January 1919. This law prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States (Prohibition Wins in Senate). Congress also passed the Volstead Act in October 1919, a way to enforce the law. Ironically, this became a public debate and conundrum because most large cities had neither the interest nor the manpower to enforce the law. In some areas, alcohol consumption did decline, but in urban areas there was a backlash of increased organized crime, and rather than government receiving taxes from legitimate businesses, it was crime monopolies that profited from this cash crop. (Blocker). Fiorello LaGuardia was a New Deal Republican, a man who supported President Franklin Roosevelt and who used that support to help change New York City, to cut off patronage from the Tammany system, and to revitalize New York City, restore public faith, unify the transit system, built low-cost public housing, playgrounds and parks; put money intoShow MoreRelatedProhibition in the United States909 Words   |  4 Pagesday at work, you like to relax with a glass of wine, or maybe even bourbon. Without the ratification of the 21st Amendment, the people of the United States wouldn’t be able to enjoy any alcoholic beverages. The 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was passed in 1919, outlawing the sale of alcoholic beverages and brining in the period known as Prohibition. At the time, the top Prohibitionist in Congress stated: â€Å"There is as much chance as repealing the Eighteenth Amendment as there is for a hummingbirdRead MoreProhibition Of The United States1912 Words à ‚  |  8 PagesKlintworth Prohibition in the United States â€Å"Prohibition goes beyond the bounds of reason in that it attempts to control a man s appetite by legislation and makes crimes out of things that are not crimes.† Even though Abraham Lincoln lived about a half-century before Prohibition took effect in the 1920s, he described it quite well. The legislation essentially took alcohol, which had been a part of people’s lives since history of cultures were reported and made it illegal overnight. While Prohibition didRead MoreProhibition Of The United States777 Words   |  4 PagesResponse Prohibition in the United States occurred as a result of the Eighteenth Amendment, which was passed on January 17th, 1920. Prohibitions lasted approximately 13 years and ended with the ratifications of the Twenty-First Amendment which repealed the Eighteenth Amendment on December 5th, 1933. Prohibitions did not yield any benefits for the average American, in fact I believe it hindered both men and women in economic, political and social ways. The main proponents of Prohibition were womenRead MoreEssay on Prohibition in the United States1500 Words   |  6 PagesProhibition created more crime because it was leading to corruption and the â€Å"cure† was worse than the original problem (Sifakis 725). The number of crimes increased during the Prohibition which caused organized crime to be very â€Å"popular†. Many criminal groups had a regular income of money through illegal actions such as drinking and selling alcohol (Organized Crime and Prohibition 1). Alcohol increased the organized crimes during Prohibition through loopholes in the 18th Amendment, speakeasiesRead MoreProhibition And Its Effects On The United States1661 Words   |  7 PagesWhen personal choice is withdrawn from individuals and prohibition is implemented to control natural human behavior, the hypocrisy that many preach the United States as being a free society and a nation of tolerance seems to deteriorate when politicians see any opp ortunity to capitalize on the masses without regard. Yet even after alcohol prohibition and fighting an endless war on drugs, history still repeats itself over and over again while the taxpayer is left with the bill. Responsible and recreationalRead MoreEffects Of Prohibition On The United States1272 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States has been actively engaged in a ‘war’ for nearly 25 years. At the heart of this struggle is the fundamental question: Is this a battle the United States can win? Many sources, such as whitehouse.gov, make the claim that drug laws are working Instead, it has created a military police force, reinforced a violent black market, discouraged safe drug usage, and done little to actually reduce drug use. In order to reduce these problems as much as possible, the United States hasRead MoreThe Prohibition Of Marijuana And The United States1559 Words   |  7 Pagesacross the U.S. during the 1900’s and has remained illegal ever si nce, until recent years when states began legalizing it (huffpost.com). Although many people believe that the reason behind the prohibition of cannabis was based on genuine concern for the possible consequences it may have on the well-being of people if it remained accessible to all, the truth is that the drive behind the U.S.’s prohibition of cannabis was founded on racism. During the early 1900’s cannabis was considered an â€Å"ethnicRead MoreThe Drug Prohibition Of The United States Of America1629 Words   |  7 PagesThe cohorts of drug prohibition argue that the benefits of the prohibition are self-evident and undeniable. The basis of this assumption argument is that without prohibition the consumption of drug would skyrocket, and therefore, lead to disastrous outcomes. However, there is no evidence on the commonly held belief. The empirical evidence that exists does not support the notion of souring drug consumption. For instance, in the Netherland and Switzer land, where marijuana is legalized, the consumptionRead MoreWhy The Prohibition Is The Era Of The United States852 Words   |  4 PagesOn January 17, 1920, the 18th Amendment to the constitution of the United States of America took effect. The 18th Amendment had been ratified a year earlier, banning â€Å"the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors†(Okrent, 1) within the United States and its territories. This new decade is called the Prohibition. The prohibition is the era of bizarre and engaging images of speakeasies, intoxicated flappers dancing the Charleston, bootleggers, and mobsters protecting illegal tradesRead MoreEssay about Prohibition in the United States1865 Words   |  8 PagesProhibition in the United States There was once a time when an individual could not sit down and have a beer or mixed alcoholic drink legally after a long days work. At this time our American Government felt we needed to reduce drinking by eliminating the businesses that manufactured, distributed, imported, exported and sold intoxicating liquor. This was called Prohibition. By the 1820s people in the United States were drinking an average of 27 liters (7 gallons) of

Investigatory Project Free Essays

string(89) " Aloe Vera has been proven to be very helpful with inflammation in the digestive system\." 11 Chapter I The Problem and Its Background A. Introduction Poultry-raising is one of the businesses that can be found here in the Philippines. It’s very simple and helpful, as chickens provide foods like chicken meat and eggs. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigatory Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now It could also help in the agriculture area. Some people use growth enhancer so that the chickens may grow fast. But now, we’re going to have a study to find a natural and better substitute, like Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis) as a chick growth enhancer. B. Background of the Study There is an increase of demand of chicken today. Most of the restaurants in our country are sing chicken for their specialty. As we all know chicken is one of the most common foods that we eat, and that is our reason of pursuing this project. We would like to help the poultry-raisers to raise chickens in a small period of time. If we succeeded with this project we can also help our economy to grow and make it more influential. This project is also against on non-organic raisers because we are not sure about the side effects of that chemical once we intake the chicken. We want to prove that even we are a student we can help in our own little way. The fact that Aloe Vera is highly available and cheaper, this will help people, especially in business industries. They can even do it on their own. 11 C. Statement of the Problem The researchers would like to seek the answer to the problem â€Å"Can Aloe Vera extract be as an alternative for growth and weight enhancer on chicks? † If so, what is/are the side effects of Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis) extract in: †¢Growth †¢Skin Color †¢Other characteristics D. Formulation of a Hypothesis a. Affirmative Hypothesis Aloe Vera extract is effective for using it as a chick growth and weight enhancer as it ontains several vitamins and minerals that are essential components for good health and other benefits. b. Null Hypothesis Aloe Vera extract is not effective for using it as a chick growth and weight enhancer as many people believe it might be poisonous and considers it only as a shampoo agent (like Palmolive). E. Significance of the Study The significance of the researchers’ study is to help the persons who own a poultry farm for the speed of the productions of their chickens. Another reason for it is our concern for the health of the animals since nowadays growth enhancers such as antibiotics that are given to the animals ontain some chemicals that might affect the health of the animals and especially to the consumer, us humans. 11 F. Scope and Limitations The study focuses on Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis) as an alternative for increasing the speed of the growth of the chickens and aid poultry-raisers on their current problem. The study aims to make the aloe extract effective as a growth enhancer and to inform the public that it is indeed effective. The study will be conducted only for a month or so. During the weeks, we will conduct the study by giving the chicks the aloe extract mixed with water. Then, after every week, we will check the result of the experiment. The observations will be done every week. G. Definition of Terms Poultry – is a category of domesticated birds kept by humans for the purpose of collecting their eggs, or killing for their meat and/or feathers. Agriculture – is the production, processing, marketing, and use of foods, fibers and byproducts from plant crops and animals. Antibiotic – is a substance or compound that kills bacteria or inhibits their growth. Chapter II Review of Related Literature and Studies A. Local Literature 11 Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis) comes from the family of lily; it is spiky, succulent, and perennial. It is native to the eastern and southern part of Africa but it has spread throughout many of the warmer regions of the world like the Philippines. For its medicinal value, the juice of its thick, spiny-edged, and fleshy leaves are well reputed for its natural healing effect. The aloe plant’s healing powers are most widely touted for being able to treat skin conditions. It has anti-inflammatory properties, which may explain why it has been known to lessen the pain and swelling associated with itches and burns. The content of the Aloe Vera leaf is just 0. 5 – 1. 5% solid, with an average pH value of 4. 55. This solid material contains over 75 different nutrients including vitamins and minerals. Aloe Vera is rich in vitamins and minerals. Specific vitamins include: Vitamin A (Beta-Carotene), Vitamin B1 (Thiamine), Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (Niacin), Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine), Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Choline, and Folic Acid. The vitamins A, C, and E are responsible for the aloe’s antioxidant activity while vitamin B and choline are involved n amino acid metabolism and vitamin B12 is required for the production and development of blood cells. Among the important minerals found in Aloe Vera are: calcium, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, phosphorous, sodium, and zinc. These minerals are essential for good health and are known to work in synergistic combinations with each other, with vitamins and other trace elements. Aside from vitamins and minerals, Aloe Vera is rich with enzymes (help the breakdown of food sugars and fats), hormones (aid in healing and anti-inflammatory activities), sugars (i. . glucose and fructose that provide anti-inflammatory activity), anthraquinones or phenolic 11 compounds (aid absorption from gastro-intestinal tract and have antimicrobial and pain killing effects), lignin (increases the blood circulation), saponins (provide cleansing and antiseptic activity), sterols (antiseptic and analgesic), amino acids (basic building blocks of proteins in the production of muscle tissue), and salicylic acid (works as a pain killer). B. Foreign Literature Applications of Aloe Vera for Animals†¦ Immune System: Many animal diseases start from the immune system such as: asthma, rhinitis, hay fever, lupus and arthritis. Aloe Vera, when taken orally, has proven to be useful for these types of chronic conditions. †¢Digestive System: Aloe Vera has been proven to be very helpful with infla mmation in the digestive system. You read "Investigatory Project" in category "Papers" It is also good for such conditions as: oral ulcers, stomatitis, and gingivitis. The best for of administering Aloe for these types of conditions would be a gel or spray. Gel is also helpful for more serious conditions such as diarrhea and vomiting. When using Aloe Vera for animals, the Aloe can be given orally or used topically by applying it directly to the skin. The aloe helps decrease inflammation and aids in removing the dead cells. These are just a few examples of the use of Aloe Vera for animals. Chapter III Methodology A. Materials 11 First of all is we took the juice out of the plant. The materials we used are of course, 1-2 Aloe Vera plants (matured), a sharp knife, and a bowl or storage container. For the analysis and experimentation, we got 2 chicks and water. We also bought chick feed for them. B. Procedure The first thing we did is we washed the Aloe plant with warm water. With a sharp knife, we sliced the spiny sides off each leaf (Note: for those who will try this, work quickly with the leaves once you’ve cut them to conserve the liquid that will drain out as you work. ). After that, we took out the front and back layer of the leaf (Note: if you see yellow juice, wash it with water. It may be latex which can cause diarrhea). The only thing left is the gel of the plant. We sliced the gel into cubes and put it in the blender and blend it for a minute. After that we mixed the xtract and water. The next thing we did is we labeled the chicks as A and B. Chick A was given the aloe extract mixed with water, while Chick B with only plain water. We watched and studied it for a month and analyzed its growth performance. Chapter IV Results and Discussion A. Findings 11 CHICK ALOE VERA INTAKE INITIAL WEIGHT WEEK FINAL WEIGHT A 10 ml 0. 3 kg 1 1. 8 kg 2 3. 3 kg 3 4. 9 kg 4 6. 4 kg B N/A 0. 4 kg 1 0. 6 kg 2 1. 0 kg 3 1. 3 kg 41. 5kg B. Analysis of Data First of all, before we begin our experiment, we weighed the two chicks and showed that they weigh the same weight. Then we gave the chicks their drink, and studied and analyzed their growth performance. Result of the 1-month experiment showed that the final weight and gain in weight of the chicks were affected by the Aloe Vera extract supplementation. Chick A significantly improved its growth rates compared to Chick B, which showed the lowest final weight and gain in weight. Also, this result implied that the final weight and gain in weight were strongly influenced by the feed intake of the two chicks. Meanwhile, no significant result showed that Chick A was poisoned during this experiment. Chapter V Conclusion, Recommendation, and Summary A. Conclusion 11 We, the researchers, therefore conclude that Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis) extract can be used as a chick growth enhancer. We successfully tried and analyzed it and growth performance shows that there’s a big change of the weight and gain of weight of the two chicks, including their feed intake. We also proved that supplying a broiler with an Aloe Vera extract supplementation affects its color, making it brighter than those which take only plain water. Lastly, we proved that our Null Hypothesis is wrong, making the Affirmative true. B. Recommendation For those future researchers who want to try our experiment, we suggest you to use chickens instead of chicks, so that you may analyze it more clearly. Also, do this experiment in a clean, dry, and warm place with enough light for the chickens. Lastly, you may also try other constituents instead of Aloe Vera, with the same components. C. Summary Knowing that Aloe Vera has perfect nutritional values for growing chicks, so we tested if it is effective. We prepared the materials, did the experimentation for a month, and analyze the changes. Finally, results show that Aloe Vera extract affected the weight and growth of the chicks. And thus we conclude that Aloe Vera extract can be used as a chick growth and weight enhancer. Appendices 11 The Aloe Vera Plant Peeling/Slicing off the spiny sides of the plant A knife Squeezing the gel and the extract of the Aloe plant The final product: Aloe Vera extract The two chicks Chick A: green chick Chick B: red chick Bibliography The researchers would like to thank the following references for giving us guides in this research work: Dela Cruz, Rita D. â€Å"Aloe Vera As Poultry Growth Enhancer Part1. Business Ideas For Entrepreneurs – Pinoy Business Ideas. 14 Aug. 2010. 17 Oct. 2010 ;http://www. pinoybisnes. com/agri-business/aloe-vera-as-poultry-growth-enhancer-part1/ ; Dela Cruz, Rita D. â€Å"Aloe Vera As Poultry Growth Enhancer Part2. † Business Ideas For Entrepreneurs – Pinoy Business Ideas. 14 Aug. 2010. 17 Oct. 2010 ;http://www. pinoybisnes. com/agri-busi ness/aloe-vera-as-poultry-growth-enhancer-part2/ ; Ethridge, Pilar. â€Å"How do I Juice Aloe? † eHow | How To Do Just About Everything! | How to Videos Articles. 12 Aug. 2010. 7 Oct. 2010 ;http://www. ehow. com/how_6853828_do-juice-aloe_. html; Sureka, Anamika. â€Å"How to take out aloevera juice from the leaf. † Youtube – Broadcast Yourself. 3 July 2010. 17 Oct. 2010 ;http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=IaITw9x_zSc; â€Å"Aloe Vera For Animals. † Aloe Vera Benefits. 15 Dec. 2010 ; http://aloeverabenefits. com/aloe-vera-for-animals/; â€Å"REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INVESTIGATORY PROJECTS†. Free Science Fair Projects. 15 Dec. 2010 ; http://www. freesciencefairproject. com/requirements. htm; Meron, Renato. â€Å"Parts of Science Investigatory Project Report. MAS MERON | More of Me – in Life and in Career. 29 Jul. 2010. 15 Dec. 2010 ; http://masmeron. com/2010/07/parts-of-science-investigatory-project-report/; Ellison, Don. Garden Plants of the Wo rld. United Kingdom: Flora Publications International Pty Ltd, 1995 â€Å"Poultry†. Wikipedia. 15 Dec. 2010. 15 Dec. 2010 ;www. wikipedia. org/wiki/Poultry; â€Å"Agriculture†. Wikipedia. 14 Dec. 2010. 15 Dec. 2010 ;www. wikipedia. org/wiki/Agriculture; â€Å"Antibacterial†. Wikipedia. 14 Dec. 2010. 15 Dec. 2010 ;www. wikipedia. org/wiki/Antibacterial; How to cite Investigatory Project, Papers Investigatory Project Free Essays Dynamic contraction refers to a contraction where movement is involved. An example is lifting of a dumbbell from either side to the shoulder. Static contraction, on the other hand, refers to a contraction where no movement is involved. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigatory Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now Concentric and Eccentric A concentric contraction is a way of using the body’s muscles for physical tasks. A concentricmuscle contraction is a very common kind of muscle contraction. It is part of many basic physical exercises and everyday activities. Professional trainers, physical therapists and others often talk about concentric contractions when they are explaining the different types of contractions that muscles achieve. Concentric contractions are as part of what experts call isotonic exercise. In isotonic exercise, a weight load or resistance remains constant through a range of motion. A simple way to think of isotonic exercise is in fixed weight or free weight lifting. Either of these are good examples of isotonic exercise. Another simple example is someone picking an item up off of a table and putting it back down. In all of these examples, the weight load on the body is constant. Isotonic exercise generally includes two kinds of muscle contractions. The first kind is concentric contraction, which some experts call â€Å"active shortening† of muscles. The second kind is known as eccentric contraction, or â€Å"active lengthening† of muscles. Static contraction Contraction in which opposing muscles contract against each other and prevent movement. Fixation action of a muscle in a static contraction is termed isometric, because it develops tension without changing length. How to cite Investigatory Project, Papers Investigatory Project Free Essays Onion: An Organic Fungicide An investigative Project Presented to Pagsulhugon National High School Babatngon, Leyte In partial fulfillment of the requirement in Physics Ms. Narisa T. Homerez Teacher Presented by John Christian Y. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigatory Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now Andres IV- Amethyst 2012-2013 Table of Contents Title page Acknowledgement Abstract Chapter I Introduction Background of the Study Statement of the Problem Significance of the Study Scope and Limitation Definition of Terms Chapter II Review of Related Literature/Studies Chapter III Methodology Material Procedure Chapter IV Results and Discussions Chapter V Conclusion and Recommendation Bibliography Introduction The alarming increase in the use of chemicals fungicides in agricultural production is raising public concerns. Contamination in the environment with poisonous substances from chemicals poses hazards to type public health. Significant amount of fungicides find their way into the water reservoirs such as creeks, rivers, lakes, wells and sea. The food we eat. Examples: meat, vegetables and milk is not spread from contamination due to the faulty handling of fungicides. The shift from the use of synthetic fungicides to botanical is an important step in balanced and sell regulating agricultural system, not only will the treat to the public health be reduced but also cost agricultural production. There are many farmers and gardeners now or organic fungicides in the country and many are convinced by their beneficial used. As natural Fungicides are preferred from natural products, application of these materials has less unfavorable impact on the environment than chemicals. They are now used widely in sustainable agricultural for the control of pest and diseases. In this pamphlet a simple way of preparing different available materials are illustrated. The authors have an experience is preparing and using different botanical fungicides for the control of the pest and diseases. At present different research centers and institution formers and gardeners are investigating and documenting different plants that have fungicidal properties. Test result from different research station, research institution, farmers, gardeners experiences the use of botanical fungicides shows that botanical fungicides is effective as compared to chemical fungicides. Background of the Study There are a lot of new products that we can be benefited from onion only through experimentation and investigation. We can use it as food seasoning in culinary dishes, used for preservatives and anti septic properties, it can utilize as flavoring agent in beverages, an active ingredient in syrupy medicine, it can be coloring agent of textiles and important constituent in cosmetics and perfume product but most of all I choose Onion: As an Organic Fungicide. As a responsible students and citizen, I decided onion as fungicide. Statements of the Problem The use of chemical fungicide have advantages but more disadvantages, why? First, through the use of chemicals, our environment will be polluted. Chemicals also are harmful to our health; it may cause a sudden death in case of improper handling. Objective of the Study To be able to create an organic fungicide that is health and environmental friendly and will help increase the agricultural production. Hypothesis We are the one that may lead, and everyone should be the leader of the natural world of having a success and progress. As a youth, giving importance to the country, I believed that using organic fungicide may bring success to the farmers and gardeners. If the whole world uses these fungicides, each of us can help in balancing the world. voiding of chemicals may lead to a brighter future, a future without environmental and health problems and a country with progress. Significance of the Study This study aims to help the farmers and gardeners to control the increase of pest and diseases. Instead of using chemicals that may cause pollution and may harm the people health, farmers and gardeners can use onion as an organic fungicide. It is more effective and safe way of controlling the pest in the crops and even in gardens, by means of this fungicide, we can lesser the use of chemicals, we can also have more productive harvest. Scope and Limitations The coverage of the study includes making an organic fungicide that is health and environmental friendly, more effective and less expensive. Methodology A. Material/equipment: * Clean onions * Chopping board * Knife * 1 liter soap water * Bottles * Sieve B. TREATMENT/GENERAL PROCEDURES: 1. Clean and wash onion. 2. Chop/pound, extract the juice or liquid. 3. Filter the juice that was produced. 4. Get 4 teaspoons of juice or liquid and soak for one day and mix with one (1) liter of soap water. 5. Bottles of stock solution ready as organic fungicide. Conclusions: Therefore I conclude that the onion is not only an ingredient in food, but also an effective fungicide which can kill/ control the increasing of pest and diseases in the plants to develop a good harvest in the fields of farmers and gardeners. Recommendation/Suggestions: In this experiment, it is clearly shown that fungicide can be made without using chemicals, because we use onion. The researcher would like to recommend to make further study on onion, not only as an organic fungicide but on other product that can be use as alternatives. Bibliography Sangatamon, Pedro D. , Practical Guide to Organic Fungicide. Dagupan City: BBd Bookshoppe, 1981 How to cite Investigatory Project, Essay examples Investigatory project Free Essays Required materials All purpose flour Water Jar with a Lid Spoon Brush Newspaper Estimated Experiment Time Less than 5 minutes to make the glue, about 15 minutes for it to dry (when applied) Step-By-Step Procedure 1. Mix one cup of flour with one-half a cup of water together in the Jar. Use the spoon to make sure the mixture is stirred well. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigatory project or any similar topic only for you Order Now This will become your glue. 2. Use your glue mixture to glue the newspaper into various shapes. Do this by brushing the glue onto the newspaper and attaching the edges to the glued area. 3. Let the glued newspapers sit for about 1 5 to 30 minutes. What happens? Note The glue won’t be as strong as traditionally glue, but you’ll find It very effective when gluing paper. Best of all. The glue Is completely environmentally friendly! Store your left-over glue in your air-tight Jar in your refrigerator. Observation After your newspaper has dried, what happens when you lightly tug on the section that you glued? Does it come apart easily, or does it stick? Compare the strength of your homemade glue against store-bought glue. To do this, create a secondary shape with a new piece of newspaper. Instead of using your home-made glue, use some Elm’s glue (or equivalent). Let the glue dry. Compare and contrast the strength of the two glued newspapers. Is one stronger than the other? If so, which one? Result A chemical reaction occurs (evaporation of water) as the â€Å"glue† begins to dry, making it hard. This is the same process occurs when you leave the lid of a bottle of Elm’s Glue open for too long. Eventually the exposure to the atmosphere will cause the water to evaporate and make the glue harden. Sponsored Links Take a moment to vault our table of Periodic Elements page where you can get an Len- depth view of all the elements, complete with the Industry first side-by-side element comparisons! How to cite Investigatory project, Papers Investigatory Project Free Essays Does the type of potting soil used in planting affect how fast the plant growth? Does the type of potting soil affect the plant growth? Ill. RATIONALE The researchers arrived at this kind of problem â€Å"Does the type of potting soil used in planting affect how fast the plant growth? † is because they wanted to know if it does work and does it really affect how fast the plant growth using different types of potting soil and also to know the suitable potting soil to make the plant grow faster. The researchers chose to investigate this kind of problem because they wanted to aka a contribution to solve the problems of the people specifically the farmers to lessen their worries if the plant that they planted will still grow or not. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigatory Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now They chose this kind of problem over hundred of problems because they find the experiment useful, easy, significant, thrifty and they don’t need to spend a lot of money. The findings and conclusions that they had gathered is that it has been proven and tested. ‘V. MATERIALS a. What are the things you need in solving your problem? Are you going to buy them or just borrow? V. PROCEDURE a. What are the orderly steps you are going to do to solve your problem? . How are you going to test the variables? C. How are you going to present the data that you will gather? Will it be through graphs or tables? VI. IMPLICATION a. In case your problem will be solved, what will be its importance to the school or to the community? Will your findings benefit others? Evil. TIME TABLE a. How are you going to schedule the making of your project against the deadline set by your teacher? Are your schedules attainable? VIII. BUDGET a. How much each material you need costs in the market? B. How much are you going to spend for the project as a group? How much will be the contribution of each member? C. Do your parents approve your budget? How to cite Investigatory Project, Papers Investigatory Project Free Essays Investigatory Project III-6 â€Å"Orange Peels as Mosquito Repellant â€Å" Submitted by : Mrs. Teresita Duran Leader : Evangelista, Jose Alejandro Asst. Leader : Villena, Mark Daniel Members : Chavez, Robert Conrad Roxas, Jerome Rexal Soria, Clemrendon Background of the Study : Mosquitoes are a nuisance to the society especially in our health . We will write a custom essay sample on Investigatory Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now Is a common insect in the family culicidae ( from latin culex meaning midge organt ) . There ara about 3,500 species of mosquitoes found throughout the world . In some species of mosquito , the females feed on humans , and are vectors for a number of infectious diseases affecting millions of people per year . Some scientistbelieve that eradicating mosquitoes would have serious consequences for any ecosystem. The researches and experiments evolve to investigate the effectiveness of Orange Peel as a mosquito repellant . There were similar researches about this ; they used lemon peel to create a repellant . In this study we would like to prove the effectiveness of Orange Peel as mosquito repellant . The other researches proved the different uses of citrus fruits in preventing diseases . As of now , many people are suffering from different diseases caused by mosquito bites . The numbers affected people rapidly increasing . This is now causing a problem to the government because many of the affected people are dying . This gives researches and experiments to think of applicable solutions to prevent these cases and an Orange Peel as mosquito repellant is one of this researches Background of the Study : 1. Will the Orange Peel extract be able to repel mosquitoes ? 2. Will the Orange Peel can help the people to prevent diseases caused by mosquitoes ? Significance of the Study : Using Orange Peels ectract to repel mosquitoes would be a benefit to everybody because it is cheap to make and made from recycling the peels of the oranges that you eat . Nowadays , disease , sickness that are caused by mosquitoes are getting more and more each day . Through this , we can help a lot of people would be able to lessen the risks of the mosquitoes in their lives that are surrounding them . Scope and Limitation : This study focuses on how to lessen the risks that are caused by the mosquitoes especially dengue fever that had been a threat to the people for quite some time now . We also focus on how we can let people be able to reach their needs in life , that’s why we used cheap materials to create a repellant that would lessen the risks to their health . Review of Related Literature (RRL) Orange is a delicious fruit . Not only in the inner part of orange (fruit) but also the outer part (peel) is useful in many many ways . Here are some unique uses for Orange Peels . 1. As a Bathing Powder – dry some orange peels and make them as a powder . 2. Mosquito Repellant – apply orange peels over your exposed skin on nights to repel the mosquitoes . 3. Get rid of ants. 4. As a scent – boil orange peels on the stove with a few cloves to make your home filled with scent . 5. Keeps brown sugar soft. 6. As Bath oil – dried orange peels can be used as home made bath oils . 7. Household Cleaner. 8. Kindling in Winter – dried orange peels can be used as kindling at fire places . The flammable oils found inside the peels enable them to burn much longer than paper . 9. Protects leaves if household plants from cats and 10. Make delicious oil – you can make delicious homemade oil with Orange Peels. Orange Peels can help us lower environmental pollution . Scientist are researching to make plastic from Orange Peel (Orange Peels have a carbon compound umonene ) which is eco-friendly. Methodology : * Materials * Orange Peels * Spray Container * Mosquitoes * Extractor * Procedure First , three set-ups were prepared ; set-up one(1) was made up of the extract from 3 Orange Peels from different oranges and 20% of water ; set-up two(2) was made up of the extract from 3 Orange Peels from different oranges and 40% of water ; set-up three(3) is the same with set-ups 1 and 2 but 60% of water . Second , peeled the peel of the oranges and put it in a container , and grate it to turn into smaller pieces . Third , add a little bit of water and pound and squeeze th grated ornage peels in a container . Fourth , spray it to the 3 set-up with mosquito on each container. Finally , wait for two minutes to see the results . Data and Results Trial 1| Set A| Set B| Set C| Mosquito 1| The mosquito died| The mosquito showed dizziness| The mosquito showed nothing different| Mosquito 2| The mosquito died| The mosquito showed dizziness| The mosquito showed nothing different| Mosquito 3| The mosquito died| The mosquito showed dizziness| The mosquito showed nothing different| Trial 2| Set A| Set B| Set C| Mosquito 1| The mosquito died| The mosquito showed dizziness| The mosquito showed nothing different| Mosquito 2| The mosquito died| The mosquito showed dizziness| The mosquito showed nothing different| Mosquito 3| The mosquito died| The mosquito showed dizziness| The mosquito showed nothing different| Trial 3| Set A| Set B| Set C| Mosquito 1| The mosquito died| The mosquito showed dizziness| The mosquito showed nothing different| Mosquito 2| The mosquito died| The mosquito showed dizziness| The mosquito showed nothing different| Mosquito 3| The mosquito died| The mosquito showed dizziness| The mosquito showed nothing different| * Analysis of Data Table 1 shows the effect of orange peel extract on the mosquito During 3 trials . As the table shows the more concentrated the solution is , the more grave is it effect on the mosquito . Conclusions Based from the given data gathered , the researches conclude That the mixture of orange peel and 25% water was the most effective among the solutions/set-ups of orange peel and water. Furthermore , it was also concluded that the more concentrated the solution the more it is to repel or kill mosquitoes . Recommendations : 1. Conduct more reliable test using varied level of water. 2. Use other fruits in testing the efficiency of the given product. 3. To test more mosquitoes to see the range of the product when used. Aknowledgement : First of all , thank you for all the persons that make our Investigatory project presentable. * Thank you Mrs. Villena for letting us to do our investigatory project in their house and helping us to bought materials needed for the project. * We also thank Mrs. Evangelista for giving us such informations and idea on how to make and polish our project. Bibliography : * http://www. livingawareness. com/pdf/HealthArticles/OrangePeels. pdf * http://www. Wikipedia. org/wiki/Insect_Repellant * http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/mosquito * http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/orange_(fruit) * http://mandarinfruit. com THE END! How to cite Investigatory Project, Essay examples Investigatory project Free Essays One of the major observations of the researcher to the students of San Vaccine National High School is that most of the students has a dental problem, dry skin and ray hair, which is an obvious effect of lack of nutrients In the food that they eat. The researcher came out to the idea to make a nutritious food that will help the student to get mineral and vitamins through the food that they eat. Fruits and vegetables are one of the healthy foods found on earth. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigatory project or any similar topic only for you Order Now This type of category includes all frozen, canned fruit/vegetables and French food. Fruits and vegetables are the good source of minerals, vitamins and fibers. It is suggested to have around five portions of fruit and vegetables daily. Pastilles or Milk Candy was one of the favorite native delicacies here in the Philippines, usually served for dessert. It is easy to prepare because it can be made with Just milk and sugar. To make the pastilles more nutritious the researcher added assault leaves because of its vitamins and minerals content. Lydia Marred ,a Filipino scientist once said : † Assault leaves are rich in beta carotene for good eyesight, iron for healthy red blood cells, calcium for strong bones and teeth, vitamin C for smooth, clean skin, strong Immune cells, and fast wound-healing and Valetta E for younger looking skin The researcher also alms to sell pastilles De assault as one of the Income Generating Project of the Science Department to provide support to the deserving.This research aimed to produce nutritious Pastilles from Assault ( Chorus Littorals) Specifically, it aimed to answer the flirtatiousness’s: 1 . What are the health benefits of Assault Pastilles that makes it nutritious? 2. Can the slimy taste of dried leaves assault be lessened? 3. What is the level of acceptability of the product to the consumer by considering the following variables:he dried leaves of Assault has no health benefits. 2. The slimy taste of dried leaves assault will not be lessened. 3. Assault Pastilles will not be acceptable to the consumer in terms of its taste, odor, and texture The students will be aware that choosing the right food affect their whole being. . The students and teachers even the community will be aware of the health benefits of assault such as: Assault being rich in vitamins and minerals generally promotes good health and well-being. Assault being rich in vitamin A can provide health benefits for good eyesight. Assault contains vitamin E and other antioxidants. It is said to prevent wrinkles ND promote youthful looking skin. Assault is used to treat inflammation and pain such as arthritis, headache, stomach ache and others. Assault being rich in fiber helps to control blood pressure, cholesterol build-up, diabetes and prevents heart disease. Assault leaves are rich in fiber and its slimy consistency when cooked is used to treat various digestive problems such as diarrhea, stomach ache, dysentery, constipation and ulcers. It is also claimed that together with other herbs it can cure cancer. 3. The students will give importance to the fruits and vegetable those are Just around their backyard r community. 4. The students and teachers will be interested in experimenting different varieties of nutritious food. 5. The consumer of assault pastilles will benefit from the vitamins and minerals it contains. 6. The community will give importance to the assault and try to plant this in their yard especially it can grow at any type of soil assault pastilles. 8. The study will be beneficial to the small entrepreneur to make improvement of the recipe. How to cite Investigatory project, Papers

An Inspector Calls Essay Questions Example For Students

An Inspector Calls Essay Questions Mr Birling is a pompous and an arrogant person. He is pompous because he wants to let people know that he mixes with upper class people. He was pleased to let the Inspector know that his daughter has just become engaged to, Mr Gerald Croft son of Sir George Croft you know, Crofts limited. He is also complacent because he doesnt like to worry about what other people are saying. I say there isnt a chance of war, he says to his family, these are all silly little war scares. Mr Birling refuses to believe the scaremongers that are predicting war. Hes living in his own protective world and doesnt realise whats really going on. Mr Birling shows that the upper classes gets on very well with the police. When Mr Birling and the inspector are talking about the chief inspector Mr Birling announces to Inspector Goole that, perhaps I ought to warn you that hes an old friend of mine, and that I see him fairly frequently. We play golf together up at the West Brumley. The upper class also love talking about their achievements. When Mr Birling is talking to Gerald he boasts that, there is a fair chance that I might find myself into the next honours list. Just a knighthood, of course. This shows that Mr Birling is proud of him self and loves to brag to others of his successes, so that others will respect him more for these outward signs of success. Mr Birling shows us in the play that he is a hypocrite and very worried about his reputation. Mr Birling shows us that he is a hypocrite trying to tell the future. When he is talking to Gerald about the fact that he might be getting a knighthood he says, I gather there is a very good chance if a knighthood so long as we behave ourselves, dont get into the police court or start a scandal. This shows that he is very worried about his reputation because if he does something wrong then hell lose his chance of a knighthood. Mr Birling doesnt believe in the inspectors quote, we are all members of one body. He thinks that we should just fight our own battles and not look after or help others. When talking to Gerald and Eric, Mr Birling says, but the way some of these cranks talk and write now, youd think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive community and all that nonsense. And, I cant accept any responsibility. If we were all responsible for everything that happened to everybody wed had anything to do with, it would be very awkward, wouldnt it? Mr Birling aims to make as much money as possible to enable him to live his upper class life. When discussing business with Gerald, his daughters fianci , Mr Birling says lower costs, higher prices. Mr Birling wants the highest prices for the goods produced in his factory but is determined to pay the lowest wages to the lower class that work for him. At the beginning Sheila is exactly like her mother and father: pompous, spoilt, and arrogant. She expects a lot because of her wealth and social class. Sheila always dresses well in elegant and posh clothes; she speaks extremely well and reveals her background when speaking to others of her class, for instance her mother and father. When speaking to her mother she says, yes, go on mummy, you must drink to our health. She also says, Milwards? We go there, in fact, I was there this morning. And, she was lucky to get taken on at Milwards. When these sentences are put together it shows that she shops at very exclusive shops. This is proving that she has a lot of money because she shops at Milwards. Her attitude at the beginning is snobbish here because she believes that only the best should shop and work there and the employees of Milwards should respect the clients.

Wordsworth and Keats free essay sample

____ Wordsworth and Keats both belongs to Romantic age and both are the shining stars on the horizons of poetry. Both mark their names in the history of English literature through their work. ___John Keats and William Wordsworth believe in the depth of the world and the possibilities of the human heart. Regardless of where each poet looks for their inspiration they both are looking for the same thing; timeless innocence. Both poets sought to transcend time by creating works that dealt with life, death, hope and imagination and to discover some kind of deep truth or meaning in existence. Life and death is an issue that we will all have to deal with at some point in our lives and like all Romantics they sought to give it meaning. ____Both writers, William Wordsworth and John Keats express a fascination and longing toward eternity and immortality. ____Two of these poets, John Keats and William Wordsworth, employ these themes in their most prominent poetic works; love, nature, poetry, oneness, beauty, lover, world, life and some others. We will write a custom essay sample on Wordsworth and Keats or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ____ Keats and Wordsworth both focus quite intensely on the connection between memory and the natural world, and they utilize some of their most memorable lines to describe the remembrance of nature that is present in the scene they each create. ____ Both great poets seem to recognize the finite nature of beauty, but they approach this recognition from different angles: Wordsworth uses personal memory, while Keats employs an examination of mortality. ____ Keats and Wordsworth felt a strong connection between themselves and nature. Because of the dissimilitude of the natural and industrialized world, they expressed a yearning to commune with and belong in a provincial setting. However, each held his own belief regarding the philosophy behind the idea. ____ Wordsworth and Keats believed that beauty was expressed through nature, they shared in the assumption that the imagination is a superior force. However, their views on the characteristics and definitions of creative perception differed greatly, but both consider it and search it. ____ Both the legends, hold certain similarities in their imaginative opinions, and also a likeness in their expressions of symbolism, imagery, and thematic elements. For example, Balslev believes that in regard to Keats’s â€Å"Hyperion† and  Wordsworth’s â€Å"The Excursion†, â€Å"we have in either passage a character apprehending the god of song† . Balslev also writes that, in the exclusion of Keats’s enhancement of beauty, â€Å"We have a situation, a vocabulary, and a tone that are greatly similar† ____When we compare their poetry through central symbols, there is little similarity between Keats and Wordsworth†. According to Balslev, nature is the one symbol synonymous with almost every poem Wordsworth composed. He writes as though both people and landscape are â€Å"blurred†, united as a whole and expressed through a muddled and sometimes indefinite meaning. Although Keats oftentimes relays strong symbolism in regards to nature, â€Å"the central symbol is sharply defined, often with statuesque effect, the supporting images are certainly given in terms of each other, but the o bject is to intensify while extending associations in all possible directions† Now we will discuss the differences between the both Romantic poets: Wordsworth and Keats ____ Wordsworths style is apparently simple, and expressive of genuine and sincere feeling. He has used the language of humble and rustic life purified of coarseness and oddities. According to him the language of poetry should be the real language of men. It should not have any artificiality about it. By men, Wordsworth meant the rustic folk and humble people. He used a selection of language that common men understood. As compare to Keats who uses incredibly sensual language to illustrate how he is feeling and what he is imagining which gives the odes a sensual feeling of being alive. In Keats Ode to Autumn he is using a large amount of sensual language to try and take us to the place in his mind, his choice of words are hugely important for making Autumn a sensual Ode. Wordsworth’s vocabulary†¦ is predominately abstract, in contradistinction to that of Keats, which is largely concre te. ____The alliteration, assonance, consonance, and rhyme in Wordsworth’s poems were not immediately noticeable, and thus were not important elements overall in their contribution to the speaker’s intended meaning. For example, these lines, â€Å"But oft, in lonely rooms, and ‘mid the din Of towns and cities, I have owed to them,† While Keats’ usage of sounds was more effective than Wordsworth, even with a  limited number of alliterations and assonances. In this line, â€Å"And feed deep, deep upon her peerless eyes† The reader can easily spot this repetition of the â€Å"ee† sound. ____ Beauty is central in Keats poetry. There are two different points of beauty according to Keats 1. Physical beauty that is temporary (beauty of woman, of a painting) 2. Spiritual beauty that is the beauty of love, art friendship and it is eternal. This kind of beauty represented for him a source of consolation (so it is something like a moral value). As he said that â€Å"A thing of beauty is a joy forever: its loveliness increases; it will never pass into nothingness.† While Wordsworth feels beauty in everything within nature, He does not need a profound image to praise it but the nature itself as he believed to merge with nature and be united with it. As he said that â€Å"The human mind is capable of excitement without the application of gross and violent stimulants; and he must have a very faint perception of its beauty and dignity who does not know this† and â€Å"Be mild, and cleave to gentle things, thy glory and thy happiness be there.† ____ Keats saw nature as a form of beauty as he said Beauty is truth, truth beauty, that is all ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.† Wordsworth’s attitude to Nature can be clearly differentiated from that of the other great poets of Nature. He did not prefer the wild and stormy aspects of Nature like Byron, or the shifting and changeful aspects of Nature and the scenery of the sea and sky like Shelley. He did not recognize the ugly side of Nature ‘red in tooth and claw’ as Tennyson did. Wordsworth stressed upon the moral influence of Nature and the need of man’s spiritual discourse with her. â€Å"Come forth into the light of things, Let Nature be your teacher.† ____ According to Wordsworth the poet must greater sensibility and the ability to penetrate to the heart of things. As he said â€Å"Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.† while Keats believes that imagination should come before all and is superior to the tangible exterior of the physical world. As a great poet the sense of Beauty overcomes every other consideration, or rather obliterates all considerations. ____ Keat’s wrote exquisite love letters, pouring out his heart in epistles as beautiful as his poetry. I have had a thousand kisses, for which with my whole soul I thank love, he wrote in one, but if you should deny me the thousand and first t would put me to the proof how great a misery I could live through. Here we have not seen any specific kind of love letters to a female lover but Wordsworth loved to portrait villagers, simple girls as they are maiden and create an image that is loveable and pure. ____Wordsworth seen the things as a whole and tried to find out reasons to unite with the nature as compare to Keats was highly-subjective poet, his work depicts his inner personality. His pessimism is not destructive, although his melancholy lingers on throughout his poetry. The Public a thing I cannot help looking upon as an enemy, and which I cannot address without feelings of hostility. ______ Keats was extremely pessimist in his spontaneous flow of thoughts. His Brother Tom’s death disturbed him a lot. He wrote in one of his letters: â€Å"I have never known any unalloyed happiness for many days together; the death or sickness of someone has always spoilt my h ours.† Wordsworth was not a pessimist but a philanthropist. _____Images in a poem serve to help the reader bring the words to reality, or recall memories based on the reader’s experiences. Again, in Wordsworth’s â€Å"Lines,† his images are subtle, yet it is indicative of the simple, unobtrusive ways of nature, and interestingly, he has images for each of the five senses. The sense in this line, â€Å"These waters, rolling from their mountain-springs With a soft inland murmur† Refers to the sense of audition, or hearing. On the other hand, Keats’ images were explicit but did not tune to our senses so much as Wordsworth’s technique. The images he used to depict nature did not have the peacefulness that Wordsworth intended; rather, they were used to inhibit humans from negative feelings. â€Å"Can burst Joy’s grape against his palate fine† and â€Å"Nor suffer thy pale forehead to be kissed†   are examples of his sensory images. _____ Wordsworth’s poems are use to an explicit metaphor. â€Å"Their colors and their forms, were then to me   An appetite; a feeling and a love†.  Wordsworth compares the forms and colors of the mountains and the forests to an â€Å"appetite, a feeling, and a love.†Ã‚  Keats has an advantage over Wordsworth in this respect, because in addition to metaphors and personification, he includes allusions. Though both Wordsworth and Keats strongly influenced the archetypical composition of their age, they hailed from entirely different backgrounds and thus expressed their beliefs contrastingly. Each formed unique and yet occasionally similar viewpoints in regard to their opinions of nature, their expressions of the value of imagination, and their utilization of symbolism, metaphors, and themes.

Tennessine Element Facts

Tennessine Element Facts Tennessine is element 117 on the periodic table, with the element symbol Ts and predicted atomic weight of 294. Element 117 is an artificially produced radioactive element  that was verified for inclusion on the periodic table in 2016. Interesting Tennessine Element Facts A Russian-American team announced the discovery of element 117 in 2010. The same team verified their results in 2012 and a German-American team successfully repeated the experiment in 2014. Atoms of the element were made by bombarding a berkelium-249 target with calcium-48 to produce Ts-297, which then decayed into Ts-294 and neutrons or into Ts-294 and neutrons. In 2016, the element was formally added to the periodic table.The Russian-American team proposed the new name Tennessine for element 117, in recognition of the contributions made by Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee. The elements discovery involved two countries and several research facilities, so it was anticipating naming might be problematic. However, multiple new elements were verified, making it easier to agree on names. The symbol is Ts because Tn is the abbreviation for the Tennessee state name.Based on its location on the periodic table, you might expect element 117 would be a halogen, like chlorine or bromi ne. However, scientists believe relativistic effects from the elements valence electrons will prevent tennessine from forming anions or achieving high oxidation states. In some respects, element 117 may more closely resemble a metalloid or post-transition metal. While element 117 may not behave like halogens chemically, it is likely physical properties like melting and boiling point will follow halogen trends. Of all the elements on the periodic table, ununseptium should most closely resemble astatine, which is directly above it on the table. Like astatine, element 117 will likely be a solid around room temperature. As of 2016, a total of 15 tennessine atoms have been observed: 6 in 2010, 7 in 2012, and 2 in 2014.At present, tennessine is only used for research. Scientists are investigating the properties of the element and using it to produce atoms of other elements through its decay scheme.There is no known or expected biological role of element 117. Its expected to be toxic, primarily because of its radioactive and very heavy. Element 117 Atomic Data Element Name/Symbol:  Tennessine (Ts), was formerly Ununseptium (Uus) from the IUPAC nomenclature or eka-astatine from the Mendeleev nomenclature Name Origin:  Tennessee, the site of Oak Ridge National Laboratory Discovery: Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, Russia), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Tennessee, USA), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (California, USA) and other US institutions in 2010 Atomic Number: 117 Atomic Weight: [294] Electron Configuration: predicted to be  [Rn] 5f14  6d10  7s2  7p5 Element Group: p-block of group 17 Element Period: period 7 Phase: predicted to be solid at room temperature Melting Point:  623–823  K  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹(350–550  Ã‚ °C, ​662–1022  Ã‚ °F)  (predicted) Boiling Point:  883  K ​(610  Ã‚ °C, ​1130  Ã‚ °F)  (predicted) Density: predicted to be  7.1–7.3  g/cm3 Oxidation States: The predicted oxidation states are -1, 1, 3, and 5, with the most stable states being 1 and 3 (not -1, like other halogens) Ionization Energy: The first ionization energy is predicted to be 742.9 kJ/mol Atomic Radius: 138 pm Covalent Radius: extrapolated to be 156-157 pm Isotopes: The two most stable isotopes of tennessine are Ts-294, with a half-life of about 51 milliseconds, and Ts-293, with a half-life around 22 milliseconds. Uses of Element 117: At present, ununseptium and the other superheavy elements are only used for research into their properties and to form other superheavy nuclei. Toxicity: Due to its radioactivity, element 117 presents a health risk.

Business Plan Of Slice Bakery Management Essay

Business Plan Of Slice Bakery Management Essay Introduction Slice Bakery and Juices is a start up juice and bakery retail establishment located in down town Nairobi. Slice bakers expects to catch the interest of a regular loyal customer base with its wide variety of fresh juices and freshly baked cakes and bread. Slice Bakery and Juices plans to construct a strong market position in the city due to the partners’ industry experience in the area. The establishment aims to offer its services and products at a reasonably competitive price to meet the demand of the middle and high area residents and tourists. The Company Slice Bakery and Juices is incorporated in the city of Nairobi. It is equally owned and managed by its three partners. Mr. David Williams has extensive experience in marketing, sales and management and was the vice chairman of Eveready Batteries and Harper foods. Mr. Arnold Mwangi is experienced in finance and administration and was previously the chief financial officer with both Luigi’s Cafà © and Wi lly Pastries. Mrs. Felicia Wanjiku is a well respected pastry chef with vast knowledge and experience in the field, she formerly worked at Lagoon beach resort in the Kenyan coast as the head pastry chef. The organization intends to hire 2 full time pastry cooks and four part time baristas to serve customers and perform the day to day operations. Products and Services Slice Bakery and Juices offers a vast range of freshly made fruit and vegetable juice varieties that are brought into the city from various parts of the continent. The company caters to all of its customers by serving each of them a carefully made drink that is specifically tailored to the customers order. The bakery side of the company provides a wide array of freshly prepared bread and cake varieties at all times during business hours. Ten to twelve moderately sized batches of assorted bread and cakes are prepared during the day to assure the availability of freshly baked products at all times. The Market The Fresh ju ice industry in Nairobi has recently experienced very fast growth. The worm equatorial temperature in Nairobi stimulates the regular consumption of cool drinks. Slice Bakery and Juices wants to establish a large regular customer base and it will achieve this by concentrating its marketing and business on local residents, which will be the organizations target market. This will create a healthy, stable revenue base that will ensure the stability of Slice Bakery. In addition tourists are expected to comprise aproximately25% of the total revenue collected. Good visibility and competitive products and services are crucial in order to capture this segment of the market. Financial Considerations Slice Bakery and Juices is expected to raise $90,000 of its own capital and to borrow $110,000 guaranteed by the National Bank of Kenya s a ten year loan. The company anticipates sales of around $485,000 in the first year, $570,000 in the second year and $660,000 in the third year. The organizatio n should break even by the fourth month of business as it steadily increases its revenue. Profits for this period are anticipated to be approximately $12,000 in year one, $31,000 by year two and $48,000 by year three. Slice bakers does not expect cash flow problems

Short Informal Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Short Informal Report - Essay Example During the follow-up visits, I cemented a rapport with the exhibitor representatives and ensured that they received appropriate Indium Corporation literature. Most of the exhibitors were manufacturers of pharmaceuticals, veterinary drugs, agrochemicals, and other chemical products. Chemical products distributors were also well represented. Most manufacturers were interested in the poster since some chemicals that Indium manufactures are raw materials for these companies. A good percentage of the distributors also had an eye on our poster. In total, according to my judgment, about ten exhibitors had a particular interest in Indium Corporation products. Our representatives gave them the Indium Corporation brochure and mini-poster (with Sticker). Five of them received the full-size version of the poster. I told exhibitors that I would telephone them within two weeks for purposes of following up. Richard Harris, technical manager, Grand Saw Machine Company. The company is a distributor of industrial chemicals for metal cutting, maintenance, cleaning, corrosion protection, lubrication, laboratory chemicals, and machine wear reduction. Products include sawing fluids, brighteners, laboratory reactants, sawing fluids, and cleaners. Ronald Franklin, regional manager, Kinex Pharmaceuticals. The company makes pharmaceutical products such as immunology and anti-cancer therapeutics. They thus require starting as well as intermediate raw materials like anhydrous acetate, hydroxide hydrated, and sulfate. Brenda Stinson, General Manager, Dynasty Chemical Corporation. The company requires chemicals from the manufacturing industries in order to distribute to customers. Indium Corporation manufactures most of the chemicals that the distributor needs. The conference gave me an overall impression that that there is a growing market for industrial chemicals.

Why do police officers, who are meant to abide by the rules, Essay

Why do police officers, who are meant to abide by the rules, [sometimes] bend and break them - Essay Example It is a profession which was believed previously to not possess any sort of malice but it has been found that some unethical behaviour does persist in the police force too. This has been witnessed in the police force of United Kingdom as a small number of officers have been found to commit these unethical behaviours. The police officers in the United Kingdom have been under severe criticism for scandals which took place in 1820s and 1960s. It has been found at many instances that the police force in United Kingdom has been involved in bribery, tampering of evidence, and beating up of subjects. For such a behaviour to be avoided policies such as Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 have been enacted in the United Kingdom. The problem with the police department is not limited to the developed country of United Kingdom but it also spreads to the United States. It has been found that unethical behaviour also persists in the police force of United States (Mollen 1994). â€Å"Most police departments have members who commit corrupt acts from time to time. Only some police departments, however, become corrupt police departments.† (Sherman, 1978 pg. 32) Police officers at times break the rules for a gain which might not be personal but would rather be a group gain. Police officers break rules at instances where they think that they can benefit from the whole situation. A reward for breaking rules can also be cited by these police officers as they might show a legitimate reason to commit that offence. Some of the major problems which are causing the police officers to break the rules in accordance to their will are related to their personal gains and power. Discretion being the foremost factor in determining as to if the police officer would turn out to be corrupt or not. This discretion allows the police officers to be the sole authority at particular instances where they can bend and break the laws in the way that they like. These are probably done for the bett er future of the police officers and the resources that they might be provided after being successful in those instances. Discretion of the police officers also gives rise to the question as to what are the goals of policing actually ? To answer this one can say that the police officer defines his or her goals according to a prevalent belief in the policing system. It is the seniors of the police officers who leave an impact on the juniors as to how they should handle their authority at some instances. If this authority is handled incorrectly then it leads to corruption within the department whereas if it is handled correctly then corruption would not prevail (Barker & Carter 1986, Pg. 30-45 ; Kleiney 1996 Pg. 81-96 ). Another reason for corruption in the police department is the less visibility of the actions of the police officers. Goldstein states that ‘under the best of circumstances, police agencies have several peculiar characteristics that make them especially difficult to administer. Police officers are spread out in the field, not subject to direct supervision’ (Goldstein 1990:6). As the police department is not watched upon by specific authorities many of the police officers can be involved in the practices of corruption. A possible solution to the problem of less visibility is transparency as put forward by many agencies. Police corruption can be stopped if the officers have to be transparent in their dealing and they are being looked upon by authoritative figures. Similarly these police officers are not exposed to the public too as they only have to deal with specific individuals at specific instances. If public has a transparency to the objectives of policing then it is possible that the rates of corruption would be decreased in

Jonas the New Receiver Essay Example for Free

Jonas the New Receiver Essay Can you imagine a world where everything is under control, there is no war, pain, or fear but nobody has a right to choose yet it is perfect? Well, Lois Lowry did. She created a world where everyone were supposed to be happy in her futuristic novel, the Giver. Jonas, the protagonist of the story, was selected to be the new Receiver of Memory. It turns out Jonas was singled out with all the differences he had since he started to feel unlike his friends. Not many people were like Jonas; Gabriel, the baby who almost got released, was like him but what was waiting for him in the future? Jonas, who actually aims to be an obedient citizen of his community, ends up realizing the control of the system over people throughout his training to be a thoughtful, compassionate, and brave Receiver. Jonas is thoughtful. For example, he wonders and questions. That is he does not just settle for everything around him easily. Likewise, he tries to tell the truths of the community to his family and friends just to make them realize. In other words, Jonas did no longer want to be alone with his inner thoughts, awareness, and memories so that he wanted to share them but couldn’t. Jonas had always been obedient but receiving the memories made him ask why’s, and try to make someone understand the community is not perfect as everyone thought to be. Along with the memories, Jonas gains the bravery as well. For instance, he wanted to feel the pain while receiving the memories. He was being brave and accepted the pain he has to receive. Moreover, he decides to leave the community to go Elsewhere and never come back. Jonas ran away from the truth he couldn’t share, thanks to his bravery. Jonas had hesitated about being different at first but then he fled so that the people would know the things he knows, feel the way he feels. Jonas has been a compassionate guy. For example, he was worried about the Giver’s burden of memories that caused him pain. He considered the Giver’s pain more than his and was willing to have some of the pain to lighten the Giver. Furthermore, he gave some of his new memories of happiness and calmness to Gabriel. He was worried about Gabriel and tried to smoothen him by giving him these memories because otherwise, his father was going to release Gabe just because he slept soundly. Jonas has learned many things from the memories, of course, but his way of thinking for others was probably the most precious thing he had gained through the training. The Giver is just the perfect book to understand how a utopic community can turn out to be dystopian for a young boy who is receiving the past, the truth, and the facts of the community. People never knew, maybe they never will, but a world can never be perfect while it includes the human factor, a system of flows, in it. The fabric of life was to make people feel the way he felt for Jonas so that he went to Elsewhere, someplace where the lies of the community were buried underneath. Jonas wanted the freedom he deserved after all, he wanted to choose so he chose to go away with Gabriel, as being a role model for the ones who has been the slaves of the systems in the real world.

To Kill A Mocking Bird Essay -- To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

2. â€Å"What is the significance of the title of the novel† â€Å"I’d rather you shoot at tin cans in the backyard, but I know you’ll go after the birds. Shoot all the bluejays you want, if you can hit ‘em, but remember it’s a sin to kill a mocking bird.† Atticus Finch recites these lines to his two children, Jem and Scout after he gives them air-rifles for Christmas. Scout is curious, as this is the first time that she has ever heard her father refer to anything as a sin, Scout asks Miss Maude what Atticus meant by this. Miss Maude tells Scout that mocking birds don’t rip up people’s garden’s or annoy them in any way, all they do is play beautiful music for us to listen to. To Kill A Mocking Bird is set in a small town in South America called Maycomb. Most of the town’s people of this happy town are not at all what they seem for there is a great hate for all coloured humans. At first glance many readers would wonder how the title evolved, but once you explore the text you begin to understand what the bases of Harper Lee’s message. Harper Lee has portrayed two characters as Mocking Birds. The first of these is Tom Robinson. Tom Robinson is a Negro living in Maycomb who becomes notorious when he is wrongly accused of the rape of a white woman. Atticus knows that the battle will not be an easy case to win, but decides to represent Tom Robinson, as he says that he couldn’t hold his head up in town or tell the children what to do. Tom Robinson was a harmless member of society who nev...

Agenda Setting Theory. Summary

Agenda Setting Theory I. The original agenda: not what to think, but what to think about. A. Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw regard Watergate (American political scandal – 1970’s. It ended in President Nixon resigning from office) as a perfect example of the agenda-setting function of the mass media. B. They believe that the mass media have the ability to transfer the salience (importance) of items on their news agendas to the public agenda. II. A theory whose time had come. A. Agenda-setting theory contrasted with the prevailing selective exposure hypothesis, reaffirming the power of the press while maintaining individual freedom.Agenda-setting theory set to prove that we don’t have as much control over our beliefs as we would like to think. (selective exposure: says people know what they are interested in, and what they believe/find important. They choose to expose themselves to media sources that provide them with information that matches their interests and c onfirms their existing beliefs) B. The hypothesis predicts a cause-and-effect relationship between media content and voter perception, particularly a match between the media’s agenda and the public’s agenda later on. causal relationships are different than correlational relationships – note how the findings change between studies). III. Media agenda and public agenda: a close match. A. In their groundbreaking study, McCombs and Shaw first measured the media agenda. B. They established the position and length of story as the primary criteria of prominence (i. e. where it was in paper – front page – and how long of an article it was – more writing equals more important (discourse makes meaning)) C. The remaining stories were divided into five major issues and ranked in order of importance. D.Rankings provided by uncommitted voters (uncommitted = undecided; these are people who have not made up their minds yet) matched closely with the mediaâ⠂¬â„¢s agenda. IV. What causes what? A. McCombs and Shaw believe that the hypothesized agenda-setting function of the media causes the correlation between the media and public ordering of priorities. B. However, correlation does not prove causation. 1. A true test of the agenda-setting function must show that public priorities lag behind the media agenda. (this would prove that one comes before another and is the cause of the other) 2.McCombs and three other researchers demonstrated a time lag between media coverage and the public agenda during the 1976 presidential campaign. C. To examine whether the media agenda and the public agenda might just reflect current events (reality), Ray Funkhouser documented a situation in which there was a strong relationship between media and public agendas. The twin agendas did not merely mirror reality, but Funkhouser failed to establish a chain of influence from the media to the public. (this was the Vietnam War example) D.Shanto Iyengar, Mark Pet ers, and Donald Kinder’s experimental study confirmed a cause-and-effect relationship between the media’s agenda and the public’s agenda. V. Who sets the agenda for the agenda setters? A. Some scholars target major news editors or â€Å"gatekeepers. † B. Others point to politicians and their spin-doctors. C. Current thinking focuses on public relations professionals. D. â€Å"Interest aggregations† are becoming extremely important. VI. Who is most affected by the media agenda? A. Those susceptible have a high need for orientation or index of curiosity. B.Need for orientation arises from high relevance and uncertainty. VII. Framing: transferring the salience of attributes. A. Throughout the last decade, McCombs has emphasized that the media influence the way we think. B. This process is called framing. 1. A media frame is the central organizing idea for news content that supplies a context and suggests what the issue is through the use of selection, emphasis, exclusion, and elaboration. 2. This definition suggests that media not only set an agenda but also transfer the salience of specific attributes to issues, events, or candidates. C. There are two levels of agenda setting. . The transfer of salience of an attitude object in the mass media’s pictures of the world to a prominent place among the pictures in our heads. (what to think about) 2. The transfer of salience of a bundle of attributes the media associate with an attitude object to the specific features of the image in our minds. (how to think about it) VIII. Not just what to think about, but how to think about it. A. Two national election studies suggest that framing works by altering pictures in the minds of people and, through the construction of an agenda with a cluster of related attributes, creating a coherent image.B. Salma Ghanem’s study of Texans tracked the second level of agenda setting and suggested that attribute frames have a compelling effec t on the public. C. Framing is inevitable. D. McCombs and Shaw now contend that the media may not only tell us what to think about, they also may tell us who and what to think about it, and perhaps even what to do about it. IX. Beyond opinion: the behavioral effect of the media’s agenda. A. Some findings suggest that media priorities affect people’s behavior. B. Nowhere is the behavioral effect of the media agenda more apparent than in the business of professional sports. C.McCombs claims â€Å"Agenda setting the theory can also be agenda setting the business plan. † D. Will new media continue to guide focus, opinions, and behavior? 1. The power of agenda setting that McCombs and Shaw describe may be on the wane. 2. The media may not have as much power to transfer the salience of issues or attributes as it does now as a result of users’ expanded content choices and control over exposure. X. Critique: are the effects too limited, the scope too wide? A. McC ombs has considered agenda setting a theory of limited media effects. B. Framing reopens the possibility of a powerful effects model.C. Gerald Kosicki questions whether framing is relevant to agenda-setting research. 1. McCombs’ restricted definition of framing doesn’t address the mood of emotional connotations of a media story or presentational factors. 2. Although it has a straightforward definition within agenda-setting theory, the popularity of framing as a construct in media studies has led to diverse and perhaps contradictory uses of the term. D. Agenda-setting research shows that print and broadcast news prioritize issues. E. Agenda-setting theory reminds us that the news is stories that require interpretation.

Asian Low Cost Carrier Essay

1.1. Budget Airlines The original concept of budget airlines is basically outsourced business. It puts together other businesses into and integrates those separate businesses into a form of operation and put effort to create a brand. Basically, it will try to minimize capital investments and cover it with operational expenses. And by nature of its business model, the cost structures are all variable costs, or very minimum fixed costs. With this business model, the company is not only rent the aircraft, but also outsourced its pilots, flight attendants, and other employees. It will sell tickets through agents and use service from company doing aircraft maintenance and services. And to ensure the profitability, it is critical that the operational costs, which is the main source of expenses, to be as low as possible. Therefore, it is typical that companies using this business model to use old airplanes which are close to end of the service-life. This will cost them much lesser than new airplanes. 1.2. Low Cost Airlines BusinessDictionary.com defined low cost airlines as â€Å"charter and/or scheduled flights to offer bargain-basement fares. Budget airlines usually land at and take-off from secondary airports, do not provide inflight meals or refreshments, and may not even offer numbered seat allocation. Their ticket prices are fixed, and non-refundable in case of a cancellation or no-show. Also called no-frills airline†. Wikipedia defines it as â€Å"an airline which tries to keep its prices and fares lower than competitors. It usually does this by not offering services like free food and drink on a flight and keeping fines from airports low by keeping on time. They also usually only use one type of aircraft† In this business model, airline companies are trying to squeeze cost structure and create an affordable ticket price. It minimizes services, uses budget terminal, reduces allowable luggage, less leg room, no in-flight entertainment and meals. Secondary airport will be the first choice, and the each airplane will only have approximately 25 minutes between flights for refueling, cleaning, onboarding passengers, etc. SECTION 2 –Low Cost Airlines in Asia 2.1.Air Asia A Malaysian-based low-cost airline owned by Tony Fernandez.AirAsia is Asia’s largest low-fare, no-frills airline and a pioneer of low-cost travel in Asia. AirAsia group operates scheduled domestic and international flights to over 400 destinations spanning 25 countries. Its main hub is the Low-Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT) at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) in Malaysia. AirAsia’s registered office is in Petaling Jaya, Selangor while its head office is at Kuala Lumpur International Airport. 2.2.Tiger Airways Tiger Airways is headquartered in Singapore. It operates scheduled flights to regional destinations in Southeast Asia, Australia, China and India from its main base at Singapore Changi Airport. Its head office is in the Honeywell Building in Changi Business Park Central. Tiger Airways won the CAPA Low Cost Airline of the Year Award for 2006 and 2010 2.3.Lion Air Indonesia’s largest privately run airline, capturing the largest share of the domestic market share. Headquartered in Jakarta, Lion Air flies to cities within Indonesia and to Singapore, Vietnam, Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. Its main base is Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. As of July 2010, it operates scheduled passenger services on an extensive network from Jakarta to 56 destinations. Along with most other Indonesian carriers, Lion Air (including its Wings Air subsidiary) is on the list of air carriers banned in the European Union due to safety concerns as of February 2012 2.4.Jet Star Jetstar is an Australian budget airline established originally as a local subsidiary of Qantas. It first served domestic routes and New Zealand destinations. In subsequent years it expanded its network to South East Asia, China and Japan. The sister company Jetstar Asia Airways operates routes out of Singapore. Combined they serve almost all major destinations in Asia. Valuair was acquired in 2005 and fully integrated into the network. SECTION 3 – Airline Trends It is obvious that the airline industry is a rapidly growing, and it is now much more affordable to fly. Years ago, fly was a luxurious thing and airline industry was one of most wanted industry to work. The existence of low cost carrier model has helped the industry to grow and affordable flights are become realistic. It elevates the market growth and snapshots of LCC capacity share below will give better perspective in explaining that. 3.1.Deregulation When fly was expensive and only for certain people, it was a challenge to keep the existence of airline companies. Most of countries are supporting its airline companies to keep it operates and available in many different ways including financial supports. Along with this privilege come sets of regulations that airline companies need to comply, and some of these conditions were barriers to the industry to grow. Currently, as airline industry grows with its huge and growing market, companies are becoming much more independent and profitable. With this situation, the industry is now less regulated. Overall industry is more controlled by competition among airlines and market demands. However, deregulation does not mean that there is no regulation. The industry still regulated such as in the area of safety, some environmental aspects, taxes and permits, etc. 3.2.Asia Open Sky Policy 2015 Globalization is something that should be anticipated, and different countries implement different strategy to implement it. Some of countries are well-prepared, and some neglect it and sitting in the lowest level of the food chain. Indonesia has signed the agreement for open market and in airline industry, there is Asia Open Sky Policy where all airlines can fly their airplanes to any destination in Asia by 2015. This means that the passengers from Makassar do not need to transit in Jakarta or Bali if they want to go to Phuket, they can take direct flight instead. This means that there will be more airports in each Asian countries serves international flights and there will be custom check at each airport. 3.3.Infrastructure Construction Given the fact that the business is profitable, the market is growing, travel with airplane is now for everyone, and the open sky policy, it considered by most stakeholder in this industry as potential opportunity. To boost the growth, many countries are trying to upgrade their infrastructure such as airport, terminal and commuter to connect terminal and the city. Jakarta has also part of this effort where government is thinking to connect Gambir train station to Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. Apart from upgrading the infrastructure, there are also number of airport will be built. Indonesia is planning to have at least 24 additional airports in the next five years. This is also supported by the fact that current International airport in Jakarta has served double of its daily capacity. Besides the business aspects, there is a more important aspect that needs to be taken care, safety. 3.4.Electronic Booking Computer and internet technologies have given better flexibility, efficiency and effectiveness of most of human work and interaction. This helps the globalization to grow to what it is today. The existence of these technologies helps companies to connect with their customers easier and cheaper compare to have a physical representation. Low cost carrier has captured this concept and built its online booking system, and some are also provide online check in system. AirAsia is one of pioneer in this online booking system. SECTION 4 –Strategy and Positioning 4.1.Generic Strategies Using Porter’s Generic Strategies model, we can analyze further airline industry and segment it based on its general strategy. There four sections where airline companies can be classified based on strategy they use, as describe in below figure. It can be seen that airlines such as Garuda Indonesia, Singapore Airlines and Malaysian Airlines are in the same box. They are working on the uniqueness and differentiation, make the experience of flying with their airplanes are memorable moment and service are mainly excellent. In the Focus-Cost, Airfast and Riau Airlines as example are low cost carrier with focus market. Airfast exist because of Freeport mining, and only serves air transportation for Freeport. And Riau Airlines are only exist in Riau province, connecting regions within the province and still supported by provincial government. Premi Air, Indika and Trigana Air are chartered airlines for. Indika is specifically doing cargo services, while the other two airlines will carry passengers. These airlines are customers are companies and government, and in some occasions are political parties during campaign. As described above, AirAsia, TigerAir, Jet Star and Lion Air are working on cost leadership servicing broader type of customers. In this concept of strategy, there might be companies that are trapped in the middle, and in this case, Merpati is taken as an example. Merpati trying to be low cost as well as provides memorable flights through its certain level of service. It makes a lot of complication and might lead to financial consequences. 4.2.Five Forces to Generic Strategies This is the model that is used to see the relationship between Five Forces to the Generic Strategies model. In cost leadership strategy, companies will be able to handle almost all of five forces elements through their strength in cost and price, as long as they can avoid power suppliers. And in the focus strategy, companies are more effective in handling five forces. When cost leadership style companies will avoid power supplier, the focus style companies will better able to pass on the pressure from suppliers to their customers. While in the differentiation strategy, companies are relatively most effective in managing five forces and mostly will be able to waive potential challenges from five forces by using their strength. SECTION 5 – Defining Strategy 5.1.Low Cost Airlines Strategy Definition In defining strategy, there are three factors should be considered. They are steering factor that is overseeing things that a company wants to achieve : sustainable business or maintain in maturity stage and large market share. The second is resource factor, which is things that a company has, this includes people, assets, knowledge, technology, etc. The third is environment, a condition where company does the business. This includes market condition, regulations, etc. In environment elements, LCC has to meet cut throat market; it is a situation where competitors use predatory pricing and heavy promotion to eliminate or undermine their rivals. In term of regulation, LCC meets open sky policy where the airlines can fly more routes. Lack of human resources availability is one of the threat for LCC. 5.2.Low Cost Airlines Strategy to Cope with Operational Cost LCC implements low fare business concept, to cope with operational cost, LCC implements several strategies. * Fuel hedging Airlines can sign contract locking in current price for months or even years to anticipate the fuel price is going to rise in the future * Smaller airport to get cheaper airport fees * Short haul Direct flight to destination, this increases the number of scheduled flights, boost profits and cuts down on waiting time on the ground. The crew comes from local area, fly in the same route everyday, no layover, this will cut the operational cost. * Simplified * Use 1 kind of aircraft only, this will save money on maintenance and repair, on pilot and mechanic training since they don’t need to separate training programs for each different type of aircraft. * 1 class only, single class, first come first served basis, simplifies interior design of the plane, reduces the number of crew members required per flight and reduces the overhead necessary to run complicated booking systems. It also speeds up turnaround times, allowing the airlines to schedule more flights and therefore make more money. 5.3.SWOT Analysis It is fundamental to assess company’s SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat) and put it as a foundation to build further analysis and decision around strategies. LCC may implements some strategies to run their business, and have the strategies as their strengths but sometimes they have to face the threat that comes from the environment, then turns their strengths into weaknesses. For example, overcapacity of the airport can be a threat in safety and on time performance because there will be flights queue during take off and landing. SECTION 6 –AirAsia, the Strategic Management 6.1.Key Success Factor A key success factor is a performance area of critical importance in achieving consistently high productivity. * Safety is quality * On time performance * Qualified crew * Point to point route system (No Transit) * Pricing strategy 6.2.Core Competence * Simple and Easy booking website * Secondary terminal LCC usually use the secondary terminal not the primary terminal, example like Low Cost Carrier Terminal at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (LCCT-KLIA) welcomed Tiger Airways. Benefit of using secondary airports * The airport fees for secondary airports are usually a fraction lower than major hub airports as they are otherwise left idle. * Smaller airports have simple check-in and baggage systems, which will allow LLCs to operate a simple and efficient baggage system with the minimal man power required. * Due to the low traffic at secondary airports, LLCs can achieve a very efficient turnaround time of their aircraft allowing more scheduled services. * Decentralised flight crew for efficiency the crew comes from local area, fly in the same route everyday, no layover, cut crew accomodation cost. 6.3.The Growth * Blue Ocean Strategy Blue ocean strategy that air asia create in the south east asia market was uncontested one by 2003-2004. they have no match, and this was even overlooked by indonesia’s Lion air at that time as well. Obviously airlines such as Garuda finally saw the opportunity, and in order to compete they create a subsidiary Low cost airlines called Citilink * Competitive advantages (must have if want to growth ) * Lower check in time * Lower turn around time * Pioneer in IT implementation * Personalisation 6.4.Challenges in Growth * Tighter government security Despite its just a secondary airport, it still need the x-ray for security reason. * Training requirement for flight crew This flight crew is not create in one night. It Take many times to train flight crew. It need times to stick this on their brain that aviation is a big industry and a very dangerous industry. * Restriction on infrastructure (airport, access, and Traffic controller) Like Medan they have a new airport already built but guess what, there is no road that connects they city to that airport. Land acquisition for the new airport is done but not yet for the road. SECTION 7 – Expansion and Strategic Alliance 7.1.Expansion * Air Asia Malaysia – Indonesia, Thailand, Japan Air asia is started in malaysia, now they have air asia indonesia, air asia thailand, air philipines, air asia japan. Its very good growth and Strategicly are contested nevetheless. * Jetstar Australia – Singapore, Japan Now jetstar australia see opportunities in asia, they also expand to singapore and japan. Working with local investor, jestar now operate hubs out of asia’s major cities * Tiger Air acquired Mandala Tiger airways which is singapore base aquired Mandala airlines recently. Mandala Airlines will focus on LCC market in Indonesia, while expanding their fleet to meet the demand of the market * Lion Air, Malindo Air, Pacific Air Lion air extend to vietnam with pacific air. Anyone that lives in Medan, Balik Papan, Pekanbaru or even Surabaya has to go to Jakarta now to go abroad, and that would cost them more in air fares and take more time. the purpose is to make either Singapore or Malaysia a gateway to carry Indonesian passengers onward. Now lion group have Malindo, which is going to be their gateway to fly to Kuala Lumpur and beyond. 7.1.Strategic Alliance Strategic alliances can be done a few ways. Joint venture is a strategic alliance in which two or more firms create a legally independent company to share some of their resources and capabilities to develop a competitive advantage. Example such as Air Asia and Air Nippon Airways to create Air Asia Japan inorder to expand in Japan Low Cost market. Equity strategic alliance is an alliance in which two or more firms own different percentages of the company they have formed by combining some of their resources and capabilities to create a competitive advantage. This can be seen in Air Asia Flight Academy where Air Asia allied with Canadian based CAE, a training solution provider to train Air Asia Pilot, using human resources from CAE and the building of Air Asia. This strategic alliance was a way to avoid using Air Asia pilot in ground training, so the pilots can stay flying and maintain the crew strength of Air Asia. Meanwhile a way of exapanding the brand for CAE is the advantage that CAE received. Non-equity strategic alliance is an alliance in which two or more firms develop a contractual-relationship to share some of their unique resources and capabilities to create a competitive advantage. This can be seen through brand strategy awareness of Air Asia by endorsing Manchester United paint in one of the plane. Or Emirates building an emirates stadium in Arsenal City. Global Strategic Alliances working partnerships between companies (often more than two) across national boundaries and increasingly across industries, sometimes formed between company and a foreign government, or among companies and governments. At the moment there are three big Global Airlines Alliances. The biggest one that consist of 5 star airlines is One world. Airlines such as British airways, Japan airlines, and Qantas are joint together to share airline code. In such a way that Qantas passenger may board British airways using Qantas ticket if they wish to travel within Europe. Second global Alliance is the Star alliances, consist of four and five star airlines. Its members are Singapore airlines, Thai Airways and United Airlines. Serving the world as a competitor for One world. Third global alliance consists of mostly Four star airlines such as Garuda Indonesia, KLM and Korean Airlines. Recent development in the global airlines alliances is the notion to create a global alliance of low cost carier. Pitch by Richard Branson to Tony Fernandez, Virgin airlines proposed to Air Asia to create a big LCC alliance to cter the demand of low cost air travel through out the world, where people my travel anywhere in the world by buying only one ticket from their home country. An idea that is progressing but very well indeed. New Development of airlines in the world According to Centre of Asia pacific Aviation is the Hybrid Airlines, where Airlines must adopt its way of doing business and cater customer for its own preferences to fly with the airlines. In other words personalisation is the new buzz in the aviation business.